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A pre-construction project is a new residential development that is sold before construction is completed. Buyers purchase units during the planning or early construction phase, often at lower prices than completed units. You'll receive a unit upon project completion, typically 1-3 years after purchase.

Deposits for pre-construction projects are typically structured in stages. You'll usually pay 5-10% on signing, followed by additional deposits at specific milestones (e.g., 5% at occupancy permit, 5% at closing). These deposits are held in trust by the developer's lawyer until closing.

Construction delays are common in pre-construction projects. Your purchase agreement will include an 'outside closing date' that allows for reasonable delays. If delays exceed the specified timeframe, you may have options to cancel and receive your deposits back, depending on your contract terms.

Key risks include construction delays, potential changes to the final product, market value fluctuations, and developer bankruptcy. However, you also benefit from lower initial pricing, potential appreciation, and the ability to secure a brand-new home. Always work with reputable developers and review all contracts carefully.

Mortgage payments begin only after you take possession of your completed unit, typically at the final closing date. During construction, you'll only make staged deposits. You'll need mortgage pre-approval closer to completion, usually 90-120 days before the expected closing date.

Customization options vary by developer and project phase. Early buyers often have more choices in finishes, fixtures, and layouts. Common customizable elements include flooring, kitchen cabinets, countertops, and bathroom fixtures. Options are typically presented during the design center appointment, which occurs after purchase.

New homes in Canada come with provincial new-home warranty protection — Tarion/HCRA in Ontario and equivalent programs in other provinces. This typically includes one-year coverage for defects, two-year coverage for water penetration, and seven-year coverage for major structural defects. Your developer will provide warranty details at closing.

If a developer declares bankruptcy, your deposits are typically protected if they were held in trust. However, the project may be delayed or cancelled. In some cases, another developer may take over the project. It's crucial to research developers' financial stability and track record before purchasing.

Essential documents include the purchase agreement, disclosure statement, architectural plans, condo declaration (for condos), and developer's financial statements. Have a real estate lawyer review all documents before signing. Pay special attention to deposit structure, completion dates, and cancellation rights.

Timeline varies by project, typically ranging from 12-36 months. Factors include project size, construction complexity, and market conditions. Your purchase agreement will include an estimated occupancy date, but this is subject to change. Stay in regular communication with your developer for updates.

Site visits are usually allowed but must be scheduled with the developer for safety and insurance reasons. Many developers offer periodic site tours or provide progress updates through photos and videos. Always follow safety protocols and never visit the site without authorization.

Before closing, you'll conduct a pre-delivery inspection (PDI) to identify any defects or issues. These are documented and should be addressed by the developer. At closing, you'll pay the final balance, receive keys, and complete final paperwork. Your lawyer will handle the closing process and ensure all conditions are met.